Turbine.



No. 845,334. PATENTED FEB. 26,1907. A.J.GO0PER.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY22,1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED FEB. 26,, 1907. v

A. J. COOPER.

TURBINE.

uruonron FILED MAY22,1905.

4 SHEETS-8HEBT 2.

PATBNTED FEB. 26, 1907.

7 AXIKJI'Q v TURBINE. APPLIOATIOIF FILBILHAY 22, 1905- 4 BHEBTSBHEET 4.

UNITE .s'rarns PATENT .OFliICE.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Feb. 26, 190?.

Application filed May 22, 1905. Serial No. 261.728.

To all whom it mrtiy concern; M

Be it known that I, ALFRED JOPLING COOPER, a subject of the King ofEngland, residing at Liverpool, in the county of Lan-' caster, England,have invented new-and useful Improvements in Turbines, of whichthefollowing is-a specification.

,This inventionhas reference to turbines driven bytheimpact and force,due to the velocity and ressure therefrom, of steam or other motor uid;and it has for its primary then backward obliquely, it being dischar edobjects and effects to provide a turbine-engine which is of simpleconstruction and inexpensive to make and at the same'time ethcient asregards consumption of steam or motor fluid; and it also has-for itsobject to provide a simple construction of reversible turbine. Theinvention will be described with the aid of the annexed drawings, inwhich Figure 1 is a longitud nal sectional elevation. Fig. Z'is halt incross-section at A A, Fig. 1, andv half in outside view; and Fig. 3- isa plan showing a rotary barrel laid fiat. Figs. 4 and 5 are, sectionalplan and end elevation of a modified form of; stern or reverse bladesfor driving the engine in the reverse direction to the normal. 'F] g. 6is a sectional view showing a modified mode of exhausting the sternsystem of blades.

The rotary barrel (1, which has the propelling-blades b upon itsperiphery, is relatively long, and the motor fluid is Iintroduced bynozzlesf on the casing e at about a tangent to the circle passingthrough the centers of the blades 7), and the steam strikes the bladesit near the center longitudinally of the barrel and then is caused totravel, due to the form of the blades, *(which form channels 0,) in acurved direction outward and forward and at the edge of the barrel.Therefore after striking the curves of small radius of the blades nearthe center it is caused to flowin a backward. and outward directionby'the rest of the curvature of the blades, which is of larger radius andwhich-forms the greater portion of the length of the blade. Thus thesteam is kept acting upon the blades for a relatively great length oftime, during the greater part of which it is acting on the outer part ofthe lar er'radius; These blades constitute genera ly those 'used fordriving the 'motor in the normal or frward direction.

I Then inside the blades 1;, there is an annular "set of blades0,;which'areiof the sa1ne"fori:n-

' substantially as the blades 6, but set in the I supported in bearingsoutside the casing;

through the'coversi, and a ring Z is connected with their ends, whichkeeps the outer ends of the channels g, formed by'the blades 0 and theirinner and outer annular Walls, closed at the steam-inlet end. The steamexhausts from the passages 9 through the openings r into the hollowspace wlthin the barrel, which are in communication with theexhaust-chambers g; i

The ahead blades 1; are shallow at the point of entrance of the steam(see Fig. 1) and increase in radial depth toward the edges, so that agreater area of blade is acted upon by steam as it expands and flowsoutward, and similarly the ways 9 and blades 0 are shallow near thepoint of entrynamely, at their edges--and increase in radial depthtoward the center at the point of exhaust. The forward. blades 6 alsoare curved forward in the radial direction'that is, they overhang at theouter edges of the channels a. This causesthe steam in striking them tobe drected inward toward the barrel, so that the motor fluid tends todrive'into the blades and under the overhanging part and crowd under it,giving thereby, an increased effect.- ive impact-pressure,while at thesame time little or no back pressure or negative effect upon the leadingsurface of the blade next in sequence is caused, and then in addition tothis thesteam acting upon the blades 1), first at the sharp curvature--namely,at about a tangent to the direction of flow of the 1 steam(and this applies to both forward and reverse)-and then at the lesscurvature sumption of steam is accomplished. -T'he steam in entering thecylinder can be by separate nozzles I arranged on each side of theseptum d, w iich separates the channels 0 at the centerand this.steanr'by the -eurshaft 7' of the barrel (1 passes, this shaft being Thereverse steam-supply nozzles 19 extend and for a continued contact ahighly eiiicient and economical propulsive effect and coni0 vatureof theblades guided ontwardfright the motor fluid is utilized. andeconomically,

while at the same time a verysimple and cheap construction and type ofturbine is furnished, and for large-po wered turbines especially itfurnishes substantial advantageous qualities and characteristics. Theconstruction may be applied and used in a single unit or in multipleunits and arranged and adapted to suit the varyingconditions andrequirements of the differing" applications of the invention orimprovements. Where desired, .the 'exhaust passages 71 can be connectedto a condenser for maintaining a vacuum inthe end chambers g, or theycould be connected up with a secondturbine in case it is desired. towork with higher pressures and with aplurality of turbines in series.

In the turbine shown in the annexed drawings the steam is supplied atthe center in connection with duplicate sets of blades; but ifdesired,instead of duplicate sets of blades being usedonly a single set maybeemployed.

In the modification shown in Figs. 4? and 5 the reversing propellin-pasages are iu clined in a direct line, in which case t. 10 steam fromthe nozclcs p will be introduced to.

them in a direction parallel with the axis of the barrel, and the forceof the impact on the inclined blades 0 and flow over them from one endto the other will produce the reverse propulsive effect. The inclinationof these blades and passages and propulsive effect will be oppositethose. of the outer set of blades, which will be of the sameconstruction as that set forth with reference to and shown in Figs. 1.to 3.

In some cases a double set of these inclined blades 0, as shown in Figs.4 and 5, may beiused in annular arrangement, the steam or fluidescaping: from the discharge atone end of. the barrel being returnedthrough the other set, in which case a cover at the end of the barrelopposite the supplyno'zzl es would be provided to receive the steam fromone set and return it to the others.

With regard to Fig. 6 the exhaust-passage 1' of the inner set of bladesand passages 0 g extend to the center, and one part of the barrel-thatis, the rightehand half--is supported in a bearing 7c inside theright-hand chamber g by an extension of its end in tubular form at t,and the exhaust from the inner set of' passages p'asses down through theopenings 1 to a central chamber u and thence through a hollow center andout into the rigl'it-hand chamber 9 and then through the central exhaustbranch 7b of the cover. On the-other side of this chamber u thereis. asolid shaft 7'. t

What is claimed is I A turbine in which a barrel working in acomparatively sharp or short radius at the of length of the barrel, theblade-surfacesbe-- ing in curved form, and nearly tangential to the flowof steam, and of comparatively short radius at the point at which thesteam impingcs upon them, and extending beyond this part in thedirection of length of the barrel in curved form of greater radius thanthe said impact part, and round in a backward direction, the depth ofbladeincreasing from the point of impact to the point of discharge. 2. Aturbine in which a barrel working in a case has longitudinal blades I)on its periphery, extending in the direction of lengthof the barrel, andcurved in the direction of their length, and anothers t ofbladesurfaces, extending longitudinally through the-barrel, and disposedannularly within the outer b'lades each of the blades varying in width.

3. A turbine in which a barrel working in a case a has blades b 011 itsperiphery, extending in the direction of length of the barrel, theblade-surfaces being in curved form, and nearly tangential to the flowof steam, and of point at which the steam impinges upon themyandextending beyond this part in the direction of length of-the barrel incurved form of greater radius than the said impact part, and round in abackward direction, the

depth of blade increasing from the point of impact of fluid to the pointof discharge; and reverse propellingsurlaces 0, arranged inside the,blades b annularly, and consisting of curved surfaces and passages, thesurfaces at the points at which the entrance of steam takes place beingabout tangential to the direction of the jet of steam at their entrance,and of a short radius, and the curve between this point and thedischarge-point being of alarger radius and inclined obliquely to theaxis of the shaft or barrel, and in the direction of length thereof.

4. A turbine in which a barrel working in a 'case'u has two sets ofblades on its periphery,

gential to the ilow of st am at the point at whlch the steam impingesupon them, and of comparatively short radius, and extending from thispoint to the point of discharge in a curve of greater radius than thesaid impact part. and an inner set of i, lade-surfaces arranged insidethe outer sets of blades annularly, and consisting of two sets of curvedsurfaces and-passages on either side of the center of the barrelofsimilar form to the outer sets, but of opposite dispositions anddirection; one set being supplied with steam at the center of thebarrel, which flows right and left toward its edges, and the other setbeing supplied with steam at the ends of the barrel, which flows towardeach other and discharges at the center.

5. A turbine-barrel Working in a case a, having blades b, extending incurved form in the direction of length of the barrel, the blade-sunfaces being in curved form, and nearly tangential at the point at whichthe steam impinges upon them to that of the direction of the steam, andof comparatively short radius, and inclined in a forward directionradially, so that the tip or outer part of the blade overhangs the partbelow it; and the depth of blade increasing-from the point of irnpact'tothe point of discharge.

6. A turbine-engine, in Which a rotary bar rel revolves in a cyl nder,and has duplex sets of blades, extending between the center point 15 ofthe barrel and the edges of same, and chambers g, at the ends of thebarrel in the case a, into which all the motor-fl uid passages vdischarge or exhaust the'motor fluid.

In testimonytwhereof I have signed my 20 name to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing Witnesses. Y r ALFRED J. COOPER.

Witnesses: l

S. GOODALL, W. HARRISON: 5

